An expanding population has driven almost 80 percent of GDP growth over the past 15 years. Slowing population growth threatens the trajectory of growth across Latin America. Seizing the value of smart cities will require factoring citizens’ experiences and needs into the equation right from the outset. In Brazilian cities, smart city transportation could create up to $14 billion of value during this period. Worldwide, McKinsey estimates that smart cities have potential to create as much as $1.6 trillion of additional value, including considerable benefits to consumers, by 2025.
However, where the bedrock is found close to the surface, you can build high, and so Downtown and Midtown host Manhattan's tallest skyscrapers.The economic benefits of smart city management are increasingly clear. Where bedrock is far below the surface, skyscrapers are not practical because it is too difficult to reach the bedrock that provides the needed support. New York's bedrock nowadays is found at various depths - from 18 feet below the surface in Times Square to 260 feet below in Greenwich Village.īeing buried and compressed under the former New York mountain range has made the rocks beneath the modern city exceptionally hard, able to support the weight of even the tallest buildings. At its southern edge and at the site of present-day New York, the melting ice deposited tons of sand, pebbles and boulders. Just 2.6 million years ago, a sheet of ice many thousand feet thick covered most of North America. One hundred million years later, Pangaea was eventually ripped apart, and the chunks of continental crust began their long and arduous journeys to become the continents we see today. Erosion leveled the once towering mountains, leaving only their stumps behind.
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